Administration is argued to be an essential feature within the state formation process in Egypt. Egyptian texts and inscriptions from the early 3^rd millennium onwards are full of administrative data and reflect the fundamental role of administration within Egyptian society. While Egyptologists have explored the rich philological evidence to reconstruct the hierarchy of titles and offices there are only few discussions on the nature of administration. This paper looks at the embedding of administration and communication in the wider society and material culture of early Egypt with a particular focus on local horizons.

Richard studied Egyptology, Assyriology, and Theology at Heidelberg, Berlin, and Goettingen. He is interested in the diversity and long-term development of Pharaonic society, the use of social anthropology and cultural history in the context of Egyptian Archaeology, and the correlation of textual, iconographic, and archaeological evidence. His book on the provincial temples of the 3rd millennium explores the development of early Egyptian temples from local to royal institutions. Since 2010 he has held the position of lecturer in Egyptology/Egyptian Archaeology at the Institute of Archaeology, UCL.

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